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Superinfection Science Fair Projects

They Are Hard to Kill - Superinfection Science Fair Projects
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Freshman science student
tackles the challenges created by superinfections...

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Disease Evolution

Disease evolution is an interesting topic to study. In order to survive biopathogens need to constantly evolve so that other organisms aren't able to block their growth indefinitely.

image of Surface Microbes Science Fair Kit
Test bacteria on any surface with the Surface Microbes Science Fair Projects Kit: after hand sanitizer, hands, disinfectant.. for example. You can use antibiotics to test the bacteria too.

Anytime you want to test how many bacteria are On Top of a surface like a desk, skin, chicken, computer keyboard, bread dough, a hard piece of chocolate, cheese, inside of an animal's cheek, etc. then use the surface experimenter kit. The kit will let you calculate how many bacteria there are per unit surface area on the object. You can also test for e-coli, however, only the microbe water kit will let you distinguish e. coli from other coliforms and bacteria.

 

Objectives/Goals

Because superinfection has clinically been shown to have different effects under various conditions, this research project attempts to determine whether virulence of multiple strains on average increases or decreases and by what degree for selected initial conditions during superinfection.

Methods/Materials

A Java computer simulation, which consisted of a 20 x 20 grid of susceptible cells, was coded based on a combined mathematical model. One control group contained only an avirulent virus on a grid, and the other contained only a virulent virus. The baseline superinfection experimental group contained both viruses on the same grid. Three other test groups included superinfection but varied either initial virulence, competition factor, or mutation rate compared to the superinfection baseline group. Based on multiple simulation runs, the data from the controls and from test groups with different conditions were separately compared to those from the superinfection baseline group.

Results

The computer simulation suggested that both viruses limited each other in superinfection since the virulences and transmissions in the control groups were higher those in superinfection. Additionally, different conditions did impact virulence; lower initial virulence caused more variation in virulence, lower competitive asymmetry decreased virulence over time, and lower mutation rate led to quicker extinction of the virulent virus, greater leaps in average virulence, but more overall consistency in virulence.

Conclusions/Discussion

At almost all medium to high initial virulences for the virulent strain, the virus killed off cells too quickly, so virulence severely decreased. However, the virulence of the avirulent strain increased without causing its extinction, most likely because its transmission was above some threshold. The data suggest that virulence of one strain increases if initial transmission exceeds some threshold but decreases if below that threshold, especially with little competitive asymmetry, a high mutation rate, or an initial virulence that nearly maximizes the transmission. 3rd party contributor


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